L\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi di d\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00dac c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 bao dung nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, trong h\u01a1n n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u00dac th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: \u201cWhite Australia Policy\u201d \u2013 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng g\u1ed1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00ec sao m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u1eb1ng x\u00e9 trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Khi Li\u00ean bang \u00dac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1901, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf Nh\u1eadp C\u01b0 (Immigration Restriction Act 1901). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cWhite Australia,\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3o Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i t\u1ea1i \u00dac.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u2013 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb tr\u00e1 h\u00ecnh, v\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ai v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn ti\u1ebfng Latvia hay Hungarian ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb n\u1ed7i lo c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dac g\u1ed1c Anh: h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu m\u1edf c\u1eeda bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 s\u1ebd tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u201cpha lo\u00e3ng\u201d b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n \u201cv\u0103n minh da tr\u1eafng.\u201d Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1eebng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cWhite Australia\u201d k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 Hai, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u00edt v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp khi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e2u kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u201cPopulate or Perish\u201d \u2013 T\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd di\u1ec7t vong.<\/p>\n
Tuy v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, ngu\u1ed3n di d\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft sau chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, \u00dac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edf c\u1eeda m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, Hy L\u1ea1p, Nam T\u01b0 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0.<\/p>\n
Tuy ch\u01b0a t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch da tr\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc sang \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n.
\nB\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1958, khi b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u 1970, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong ch\u00ednh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac. Lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa 1966 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1973, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Gough Whitlam, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cWhite Australia\u201d ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201c\u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d (multiculturalism) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, \u00dac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n c\u01b0, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ri\u00eang, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn \u00dac kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201ch\u00f2a tan\u201d nh\u01b0 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p hay M\u1ef9, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ctr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u1ede \u00dac, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dac g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t, g\u1ed1c \u1ea4n, g\u1ed1c Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau n\u0103m 1975, t\u1eeb Trung \u0110\u00f4ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, hay t\u1eeb Afghanistan g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi tranh c\u00e3i gay g\u1eaft trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: m\u1edf c\u1eeda bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7? C\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o cho s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng? V\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp, hay ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ri\u00eang?<\/p>\n
Th\u1eadt tr\u1edb tr\u00eau, ch\u00ednh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng k\u00edch trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u00fay, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u201ctan r\u00e3\u201d b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac, t\u1ea1o ra \u201cnh\u1eefng khu ph\u1ed1 xa l\u1ea1 ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00ecnh.\u201d<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lo l\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ea5t an kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00ec lo s\u1ee3 t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 nhanh.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng \u00dac \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn xa th\u1ebf n\u00e0o k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi White Australia, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao m\u00ecnh t\u1eebng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
(Melbourne)<\/p>\n
The post N\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac: T\u1eeb White Australia \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c<\/a> appeared first on Saigon Nh\u1ecf<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi di d\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00dac c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 bao dung nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, trong h\u01a1n n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u00dac th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 mang t\u00ednh …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[72],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-entertainment"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietvalley.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietvalley.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietvalley.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietvalley.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietvalley.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60874"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vietvalley.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60874\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietvalley.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietvalley.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietvalley.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}