Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng: 8% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 10% t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2026, v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao n\u00e0y trong hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u201cb\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c dai d\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n
V\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh <\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cB\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh\u201d l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp (thu nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf) nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao. V\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u201cb\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh\u201d?<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u2013 d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh. Chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 suy y\u1ebfu, trong khi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thay th\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 hai, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (R&D). Trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 R&D l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao, v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf thi\u1ebfu linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, khi\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf sang c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, khi\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a theo k\u1ecbp nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba th\u1eeba lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, v\u1eeba thi\u1ebfu lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh thi\u1ebfu minh b\u1ea1ch, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tham nh\u0169ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf c\u1eeda thu h\u00fat v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201c\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong t\u01b0 duy kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm v\u1ed1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c thu h\u00fat v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (FDI), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n vay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi tho\u00e1t ngh\u00e8o, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra: khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh (theo Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb $1046 \u0111\u1ebfn $12,735\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/n\u0103m), t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1eefng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh\u201d m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/p>\n C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u2018d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng\u2019 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u00edch l\u0169y n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, sau g\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u kinh t\u1ebf \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2011-2020 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n 6%\/n\u0103m, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c b\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2023 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c 5,05%, thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t $4,284. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Li\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u201cb\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh\u201d?<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng: giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cd\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng\u201d \u2013 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u201cc\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng\u201d n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 D\u00e2n S\u1ed1 Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c (UNFPA), giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2040. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 \u201cch\u01b0a gi\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0,\u201d khi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, trong khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u1ed1n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u201cb\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh\u201d hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n, bao g\u1ed3m v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (FDI) v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n t\u00edch l\u0169y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. FDI \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu h\u00fat c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1eeb T\u1ed5ng C\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng K\u00ea v\u00e0 World Bank cho th\u1ea5y, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00ean GDP c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2023 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 33.5%, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean GDP l\u00e0 36.56%. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u201cb\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh,\u201d nh\u01b0 Nam H\u00e0n, Singapore hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n Tr\u1ecdng cung hay k\u00edch c\u1ea7u trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf?<\/strong><\/p>\n Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u201cb\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh,\u201d vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201ctr\u1ecdng cung\u201d hay \u201ck\u00edch c\u1ea7u\u201d?<\/p>\n Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201ctr\u1ecdng cung\u201d t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdng cung bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng (giao th\u00f4ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin), ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdng cung h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201ck\u00edch c\u1ea7u\u201d t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng chi ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf, n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch k\u00edch c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy tho\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch k\u00edch c\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t gia t\u0103ng, n\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 bong b\u00f3ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia kinh t\u1ebf khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201ctr\u1ecdng cung\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch k\u00edch c\u1ea7u, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tho\u00e1t b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7: \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n The post R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh khi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f3 tho\u00e1t b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh<\/a> appeared first on Saigon Nh\u1ecf<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng: 8% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 10% t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2026, v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao n\u00e0y trong hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[239],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vietnam"],"yoast_head":"\n